While investigating process creation logs on a Linux device, you observe a privileged hardware interrogation step used to reveal virtualization details. Which utility was invoked?

DeviceProcessEvents | where ActionType == "ProcessCreated" | where AccountName == "root" | where FileName in ("virt-what", "dmidecode", "systemd-detect-virt", "lshw") | project Timestamp, DeviceName, FileName, ProcessCommandLine, AccountName

DeviceProcessEvents
| where ProcessCommandLine contains 'dmidecode'
| project DeviceName, InitiatingProcessAccountName, ProcessCommandLine, ProcessCreationTime

DeviceProcessEvents
| where FileName in~ ("dmidecode", "lshw", "lscpu", "lspci", "systemd-detect-virt", "virt-what", "dmesg", "hostnamectl")
| project TimeGenerated, DeviceName, FileName, ProcessCommandLine, AccountName, InitiatingProcessAccountName, ProcessTokenElevation
| sort by TimeGenerated desc

// Query to detect if a privileged hardware interrogation utility is invoked
union DeviceProcessEvents, DeviceNetworkEvents, DeviceFileEvents, DeviceEvents
| where ActionType == "ProcessCreated" // Focus on process creation events
| where ProcessCommandLine contains "lscpu" // Looking for 'lscpu' command specifically
// Optionally narrow to execute as root (UID 0) or Sudo users -- for example:
// | where InitiatingProcessAccountName =~ "root" or InitiatingProcessCommandLine contains "/usr/bin/sudo"
| project-reorder Timestamp, DeviceName, InitiatingProcessAccountUpn, InitiatingProcessCommandLine, ProcessCommandLine, InitiatingProcessParentFileName, InitiatingProcessParentCreationTime
| summarize eventCount = count(), earliestEvent = min(Timestamp), latestEvent = max(Timestamp) by bin(Timestamp, 1d), DeviceName, InitiatingProcessAccountUpn, InitiatingProcessCommandLine, ProcessCommandLine, InitiatingProcessParentFileName, InitiatingProcessParentCreationTime
| order by eventCount desc

DeviceProcessEvents
| where FileName in ('dmidecode', 'lshw', 'systeminfo', 'biosdecode', 'xxd')
| project TimeGenerated, DeviceName, ProcessId, FileName, ProcessCommandLine
| order by TimeGenerated desc

DeviceProcessEvents
| where InitiatingProcessCommandLine has_any ('lscpu', 'dmidecode', 'virt-what') or FileName has_any ('lscpu', 'dmidecode', 'virt-what')
| project InitiatingProcessCommandLine, FileName, InitiatingProcessCreationTime, DeviceName, ProcessId

let virtualization_utils = dynamic(["dmidecode","systemd-detect-virt","virt-what","lshw","lscpu","hostnamectl"]);
DeviceProcessEvents
| join kind=inner (DeviceInfo | where OSPlatform == "Linux" | project DeviceId) on DeviceId
| where tolower(FileName) in (virtualization_utils) or ProcessCommandLine has_any (virtualization_utils)
| where AccountName =~ "root" or ProcessTokenElevation =~ "Elevated"
| extend UtilityInvoked = tolower(
    case(
        FileName in~ ("dmidecode","systemd-detect-virt","virt-what","lshw","lscpu","hostnamectl"), FileName,
        ProcessCommandLine has "dmidecode", "dmidecode",
        ProcessCommandLine has "systemd-detect-virt", "systemd-detect-virt",
        ProcessCommandLine has "virt-what", "virt-what",
        ProcessCommandLine has "lshw", "lshw",
        ProcessCommandLine has "lscpu", "lscpu",
        ProcessCommandLine has "hostnamectl", "hostnamectl",
        "unknown"
    ))
| summarize Executions=count(), FirstSeen=min(TimeGenerated), LastSeen=max(TimeGenerated) by DeviceName, UtilityInvoked
| order by Executions desc, LastSeen desc

DeviceProcessEvents
| where isnotempty(ProcessCommandLine) or isnotempty(FileName)
// Normalize a command string to pick the best source
| extend cmdSource = iff(isnotempty(ProcessCommandLine), ProcessCommandLine, FileName)
// Get the first token from the commandline (the invoked binary) and/or basename from FileName
| extend invokedRaw = tostring(split(cmdSource, " ")[0])
| extend invoked = tolower(iff(isnotempty(FileName), extract(@"([^\\/]+)$", 1, FileName), invokedRaw))
// Look for common Linux virtualization/hardware interrogation utilities (dmidecode is the most-common privileged one)
| where invoked has_any ("dmidecode", "systemd-detect-virt", "lscpu", "lshw", "cpuid", "lspci", "virt-what")
// Flag likely-elevated runs (root account or sudo in commandline)
| extend isElevated = tostring(AccountName) == "root" or tostring(InitiatingProcessAccountName) == "root" or tolower(cmdSource) contains "sudo"
| project TimeGenerated, DeviceName, DeviceId, invoked, FileName, ProcessCommandLine, AccountName, InitiatingProcessAccountName, ProcessId, InitiatingProcessId, isElevated
| order by TimeGenerated desc
| limit 500

// NOTE: Do not hardcode a time filter here; set the timerange in the portal/timepicker when running the query
let utils = dynamic(["dmidecode","virt-what","systemd-detect-virt","lshw","lspci","dmesg","lsmod","/proc/cpuinfo","grep -i hypervisor","cpuid"]);
DeviceProcessEvents
| where isnotempty(ProcessCommandLine) or isnotempty(FileName)
// Filter for known virtualization/hardware-interrogation utilities (case-insensitive)
| where (
    tolower(ProcessCommandLine) contains "dmidecode" or tolower(FileName) contains "dmidecode"
    or tolower(ProcessCommandLine) contains "virt-what" or tolower(FileName) contains "virt-what"
    or tolower(ProcessCommandLine) contains "systemd-detect-virt" or tolower(FileName) contains "systemd-detect-virt"
    or tolower(ProcessCommandLine) contains "lshw" or tolower(FileName) contains "lshw"
    or tolower(ProcessCommandLine) contains "lspci" or tolower(FileName) contains "lspci"
    or tolower(ProcessCommandLine) contains "dmesg" or tolower(FileName) contains "dmesg"
    or tolower(ProcessCommandLine) contains "lsmod" or tolower(FileName) contains "lsmod"
    or tolower(ProcessCommandLine) contains "/proc/cpuinfo" or tolower(ProcessCommandLine) contains "grep -i hypervisor"
    or tolower(ProcessCommandLine) contains "cpuid" or tolower(FileName) contains "cpuid"
)
| extend Utility = case(
    tolower(ProcessCommandLine) contains "dmidecode" or tolower(FileName) contains "dmidecode", "dmidecode",
    tolower(ProcessCommandLine) contains "virt-what" or tolower(FileName) contains "virt-what", "virt-what",
    tolower(ProcessCommandLine) contains "systemd-detect-virt" or tolower(FileName) contains "systemd-detect-virt", "systemd-detect-virt",
    tolower(ProcessCommandLine) contains "lshw" or tolower(FileName) contains "lshw", "lshw",
    tolower(ProcessCommandLine) contains "lspci" or tolower(FileName) contains "lspci", "lspci",
    tolower(ProcessCommandLine) contains "lsmod" or tolower(FileName) contains "lsmod", "lsmod",
    tolower(ProcessCommandLine) contains "dmesg" or tolower(FileName) contains "dmesg", "dmesg",
    tolower(ProcessCommandLine) contains "/proc/cpuinfo" or tolower(ProcessCommandLine) contains "grep -i hypervisor", "/proc/cpuinfo/grep",
    tolower(ProcessCommandLine) contains "cpuid" or tolower(FileName) contains "cpuid", "cpuid",
    "other")
// Summary: how many times each utility was invoked, last seen per device
| summarize Count = count(), FirstSeen = min(TimeGenerated), LastSeen = max(TimeGenerated) by Utility, DeviceName, DeviceId
| order by LastSeen desc
| limit 50

// To also see detailed recent events for matched utilities, uncomment the following block or run it separately:
// DeviceProcessEvents
// | where <same filter as above>
// | extend Utility = <same case(...) statement>
// | project TimeGenerated, DeviceName, DeviceId, AccountName, AccountDomain = AccountDomain, FileName, ProcessId, ProcessCommandLine, InitiatingProcessFileName, InitiatingProcessCommandLine, InitiatingProcessAccountName, Utility
// | order by TimeGenerated desc
// | take 50

// Search for process creations on Linux devices that match common virtualization interrogation utilities
let tools = dynamic(["dmidecode","virt-what","systemd-detect-virt","lscpu","lspci","/proc/cpuinfo","cat /proc/cpuinfo","dmesg","lsmod","virsh","virt-what","hostnamectl","egrep -i virtual|hypervisor|kvm|vmware|vbox"]);
DeviceProcessEvents
| where TimeGenerated between (startofday(ago(30d)) .. now())
// join to DeviceInfo to ensure Linux OSPlatform or distribution
| join kind=inner (
    DeviceInfo
    | where tostring(OSPlatform) =~ "Linux" or tostring(OSDistribution) =~ "Ubuntu" or tostring(OSDistribution) =~ "CentOS" or tostring(OSDistribution) =~ "Debian" or tostring(OSDistribution) =~ "RHEL" or OSDistribution contains "Linux"
    | project DeviceId, DeviceName, OSPlatform, OSDistribution
) on DeviceId
| where ActionType == "ProcessCreated" or ProcessCommandLine != ""
| where (
    // search in FileName and ProcessCommandLine for known utility names or patterns
    (FileName has_any ("dmidecode","virt-what","systemd-detect-virt","lscpu","lspci","dmesg","lsmod","virsh","hostnamectl","egrep"))
    or (ProcessCommandLine has_any ("dmidecode","virt-what","systemd-detect-virt","lscpu","lspci","/proc/cpuinfo","cat /proc/cpuinfo","dmesg","lsmod","virsh","hostnamectl","egrep"))
)
| extend MatchedTool = case(
    ProcessCommandLine has "dmidecode" or FileName has "dmidecode","dmidecode",
    ProcessCommandLine has "virt-what" or FileName has "virt-what","virt-what",
    ProcessCommandLine has "systemd-detect-virt" or FileName has "systemd-detect-virt","systemd-detect-virt",
    ProcessCommandLine has "lscpu" or FileName has "lscpu","lscpu",
    ProcessCommandLine has "lspci" or FileName has "lspci","lspci",
    ProcessCommandLine has "/proc/cpuinfo" or ProcessCommandLine has "cat /proc/cpuinfo" or FileName has "cpuinfo","/proc/cpuinfo",
    ProcessCommandLine has "dmesg" or FileName has "dmesg","dmesg",
    ProcessCommandLine has "lsmod" or FileName has "lsmod","lsmod",
    ProcessCommandLine has "virsh" or FileName has "virsh","virsh",
    ProcessCommandLine has "hostnamectl" or FileName has "hostnamectl","hostnamectl",
    ProcessCommandLine has "egrep" or FileName has "egrep","egrep",
    "other")
| summarize Count = count(), Examples = make_list(pack("TimeGenerated", TimeGenerated, "DeviceName", DeviceName, "Account", InitiatingProcessAccountName, "FileName", FileName, "ProcessCommandLine", ProcessCommandLine), 10) by MatchedTool
| order by Count desc
| where Count > 0

DeviceProcessEvents
| where TimeGenerated >= ago(1d)
| extend CmdTool = InitiatingProcessCommandLine
| extend UtilityFromCmd = extract("(dmidecode|systemd-detect-virt|virt-what|lshw|lscpu|hwinfo)", 1, CmdTool)
| extend Utility = iff(InitiatingProcessFileName in ('dmidecode','systemd-detect-virt','virt-what','lshw','lscpu','hwinfo'), InitiatingProcessFileName, UtilityFromCmd)
| where isnotempty(Utility)
| project TimeGenerated, DeviceName, DeviceId, Utility, InitiatingProcessFileName, InitiatingProcessCommandLine
| summarize Count = count() by Utility, DeviceName, DeviceId, InitiatingProcessFileName, InitiatingProcessCommandLine, TimeGenerated
| order by TimeGenerated desc

DeviceProcessEvents
| join kind=inner DeviceInfo on DeviceId
| where OSPlatform == 'Linux'
| where ProcessCommandLine has 'dmidecode' or ProcessCommandLine has 'virt-what' or ProcessCommandLine has 'lscpu' or FileName has 'dmidecode' or FileName has 'virt-what' or FileName has 'lscpu'
| project TimeGenerated, DeviceName, FileName, ProcessCommandLine, FolderPath, ProcessId, DeviceId
| order by TimeGenerated desc
| limit 50

DeviceProcessEvents
| join kind=inner (DeviceInfo | where OSPlatform == "Linux") on DeviceId
| where ProcessCommandLine has_any ("dmidecode", "lshw", "lscpu", "virt-what")
| summarize Utilities = make_set(FileName) by DeviceId
| project Utilities

DeviceProcessEvents
| where ActionType == "ProcessCreated"
| where FileName =~ "dmidecode" or ProcessCommandLine contains "dmidecode"
| where DeviceId in (DeviceInfo
    | where OSPlatform == "Linux"
    | distinct DeviceId)
| project TimeGenerated, DeviceId, DeviceName, FileName, ProcessCommandLine, InitiatingProcessCommandLine, AccountName, AccountDomain, LogonId
| order by TimeGenerated desc

DeviceInfo
| where OSPlatform == "Linux"
| summarize arg_max(TimeGenerated, *) by DeviceId
| join kind=inner (
    DeviceProcessEvents
    | where ActionType == "ProcessCreated"
    | where FileName =~ "dmidecode"
      or ProcessCommandLine has "dmidecode"
) on DeviceId
| project TimeGenerated, DeviceName, FileName, ProcessCommandLine, InitiatingProcessCommandLine, AccountName, FolderPath

// Identify the privileged utility used to interrogate hardware/virtualization details on Linux devices
let TimeRange = 1d;   // This will be overwritten by the workbook / function caller
let startTime = ago(TimeRange);
let linuxDevices = DeviceInfo
| where TimeGenerated >= startTime
| where OSPlatform =~ "Linux"
| distinct DeviceId;
DeviceProcessEvents
| where TimeGenerated >= startTime
| where DeviceId in (linuxDevices)
| where ActionType == "ProcessCreated"
// dmidecode requires root privileges and is commonly used to disclose virtualization information
| where FileName =~ "dmidecode" or ProcessCommandLine has "dmidecode"
| project TimeGenerated, DeviceName, AccountName, FileName, ProcessCommandLine, 
          InitiatingProcessFileName, InitiatingProcessCommandLine, MD5, SHA256
| sort by TimeGenerated desc

DeviceProcessEvents
| where ProcessCommandLine contains "dmidecode" or InitiatingProcessCommandLine contains "dmidecode"
| project TimeGenerated, DeviceName, ProcessId, FileName, ProcessCommandLine, InitiatingProcessCommandLine
| order by TimeGenerated desc

DeviceProcessEvents
| where ProcessCommandLine contains "dmidecode" or InitiatingProcessCommandLine contains "dmidecode"
| project TimeGenerated, DeviceName, ProcessCommandLine, InitiatingProcessCommandLine, FileName
| order by TimeGenerated desc

// Identify Linux devices
let LinuxDevices = DeviceInfo
  | where OSPlatform has "Linux" or OSDistribution has "linux"
  | distinct DeviceId;

// Find dmidecode invocations on those Linux devices
DeviceProcessEvents
| where DeviceId in (LinuxDevices)
      and (FileName == "dmidecode" or ProcessCommandLine has "dmidecode")
| project TimeGenerated,
          DeviceName,
          FileName,
          ProcessCommandLine,
          InitiatingProcessFileName,
          AccountName
| sort by TimeGenerated desc

let LinuxDevices = DeviceInfo
| where OSPlatform contains "linux"
| distinct DeviceId;
DeviceProcessEvents
| where DeviceId in (LinuxDevices)
| where ProcessCommandLine contains "dmidecode"
| project TimeGenerated, DeviceName, InitiatingProcessAccountName, ProcessCommandLine